Distributed Scheduling of HVACs based on Transactive Energy and ADMM

Abstract: This paper focuses on the optimal scheduling of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems (HVACs) to address the fluctuation problems caused by the increasing renewable energy integration with power systems. A two-stage framework is proposed to schedule HVACs. In the first stage, a federated power plant (FPP) is employed to regulate HVACs to serve the grid. A transactive energy (TE) market is built within FPP to schedule HVACs to preserve customers' privacy and willingness, which is characterized by the Stackelberg game and a distributed method is provided to solve this problem. In the second stage, HVACs are required to track the target power when the TE market is cleared. Considering that HVACs are complicated systems with multiple coupled internal components and are difficult to be optimized by the centralized method, the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) method is utilized to control HVACs in a distributed way for better-optimized scheduling. Case studies show that the proposed distributed methodology can schedule HVACs in a private, effective and accurate way.